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Past simple or present perfect? Click.
Conjugación del presente perfecto
| Conjugación | Significado |
|---|---|
| I have played | yo he jugado |
| you have played | tú has jugado |
| he has played | él ha jugado |
| we have played | nosotros hemos jugado |
| you have played | vosotros habéis jugado |
| they have played | ellos han jugado |
Construcción del participio
Verbos irregulares
| Verbo | Participio | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| to go | gone | ir |
| to make | made | hacer |
Participio en verbos acabados en "-e"
| Verbo | Participio | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| to use | used | usar |
| to excuse | excused | disculpar |
La negación en el presente perfecto
Él no ha jugado bien
(Yo) no he comido en 2 días
La interrogación en el presente perfecto
| Conjugación | Significado |
|---|---|
| have I done? | ¿he hecho? |
| have you done? | ¿has hecho? |
| has he done? | ¿ha hecho? |
| have we done? | ¿hemos hecho? |
| have you done? | ¿habéis hecho? |
| have they done? | ¿han hecho? |
¿Qué has hecho?
Uso del presente perfecto
- Acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y que no han terminado aún en el presenteI have not slept in the past two days
No he dormido en los últimos 2 días - Acciones que comenzaron y acabaron en el pasado pero que su efecto continua en el presente.I am not hungry because I have eaten an apple
No tengo hambre porque he comido una manzana
El matiz del ejemplo anterior es, que aunque hemos terminado de comer la manzana, esta acción tiene repercusión en el presente (no tenemos hambre en el presente por habernos comido la manzana)I have bought a car
(Yo) he comprado un coche
El matiz de este segundo ejemplo es, que aunque la acción de comprar terminó, el coche nos sigue perteneciendo en el presente (continua el efecto de la acción). - Acciones que comenzaron y acabaron en el pasado pero que el interlocutor ha situado la acción en un intervalo de tiempo no acabado. Esta situación de la acción en un intervalo temporal no finalizado obliga a construir la oración en presente perfecto:Intervalo temporal no finalizado (Present Perfect):I have been in USA this year
He estado este año en Estados UnidosIntervalo temporal finalizado (Past Simple):I was in USA last year
Estuve el año pasado en Estados Unidos
Partículas usadas en "Present Perfect"
Just (acabar de)
Nosotros acabamos de comer y no tenemos hambre
Already (ya)
ya he pedido los libros
Yet (ya o todavía)
¿Ya has pedido su libro?
No, todavía no he pedido su libro
Ever (alguna vez)
¿Has visto alguna vez un camello llorando?
PRESENT PERFECT, ESE TIEMPO VERBAL TAN ODIADO....
Difference between “too” and “enough”
OLIVER
TOO - Excess
| too + adjective | This shirt is too expensive. It costs $30 and I have only $25. |
| too much + uncountable noun | I drank too much water; now I really need to go to the bathroom! |
| too many + countable noun | She put too many eggs into the cake. The recipe said 3 and she used 5. |
| verb + too much | He complains too much. He has such a negative attitude. |
ENOUGH- Sufficiant
| enough + noun (countable or uncountable) | We don’t have enough people for a soccer team.We have 8 people and a team needs at least 11. |
| adjective + enough | Sorry kid, you’re not old enough to buy alcohol. You’re 19 and the minimum age is 21. |
| verb + enough | I don’t exercise enough. I need to go to the gym more than once a month. |
Exercise 2: All past Tenses
Also, do the exercises in this blog. Click on here
- Exceptions in Spelling when adding ‘ed’
- have or has
- Positive Sentences in Present Perfect Simple
- Negative Sentences in Present Perfect Simple
- Sentences with ‘never’ in Present Perfect Simple
- Questions in Present Perfect Simple
- Questions with Interrogative Particles in Present Perfect Simple
- Mixed Exercise on Present Perfect Simple
- Exercise on the text “Loch Ness”
- Irregular Verbs
Tests on Present Perfect
English Grammar Rules
The Present Perfect Tense is formed using the following structure:
Affirmative: Subject + Have / Has + Past Participle
Negative: Subject + Haven't / Hasn't + Past Participle
Question: Have / Has + Subject + Past Participle
Affirmative Sentences
| Subject | Have | Past Participle | Rest of the Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | have | studied | for the exam. |
| You | have | bought | a new computer. |
| He | has | eaten | my chocolate. |
| She | has | written | an e-mail. |
| It | has | been | cold this month. |
| We | have | won | the championship. |
| You | have | tried | to learn a lot. |
| They | have | forgotten | my birthday. |
Contractions
The contracted form of the perfect tense is quite common:| Have | Contraction | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| I have | I've | I've spent all my money. |
| You have | You've | You've worn that dress before. |
| He has | He's | He's slept all morning. |
| She has | She's | She's lost her purse. |
| It has | It's | It's fallen off the wall. |
| We have | We've | We've chosen you for the job. |
| You have | You've | You've begun to annoy me. |
| They have | They've | They've drunk too much. |
Negative Sentences
The contraction of the perfect tense in negative form is:Have not = Haven't
Has not = Hasn't
| Subject | Have | Past Participle | Rest of the Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | haven't | studied | for the exam. |
| You | haven't | bought | a new computer. |
| He | hasn't | eaten | my chocolate. |
| She | hasn't | written | an e-mail. |
| It | hasn't | been | cold this month. |
| We | haven't | won | the championship. |
| You | haven't | tried | to learn a lot. |
| They | haven't | forgotten | my birthday. |
Questions
| Have | Subject | Past Participle | Rest of the Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Have | I | been | chosen for the team? |
| Have | you | bought | a new car? |
| Has | he | eaten | my sandwich? |
| Has | she | written | the letter? |
| Has | it | started | on time? |
| Have | we | won | a trophy? |
| Have | you | kept | my secret? |
| Have | they | driven | there? |
When do we use the Present Perfect Tense?
1. Unspecified point in the past- I have been to Spain three times.
(At some unspecified time in the past, I went to Spain).
- I went to Spain three times in 2005.
(specified time in the past - the year 2005)
- We can't find our luggage. Have you seen it?
(The luggage was lost in the past, do you know where it is now?)
It usually refers to an event happening at some moment in your life.
- Has she ever tried Chilean wine before? (in her life)
- I've never eaten monkey brains before. (in my life)
- Do you want to go to a restaurant with me?
No, thanks. I've just eaten lunch. (I recently ate lunch.)
- Are Carlos and Rodrigo here? No, they haven't arrived yet. (they're still not here now)
- I've already graduated from University. (I expected to graduate at a later date.)
- Mike has worked at Woodward for 3 years.
(Mike started working at Woodward 3 years ago and he still works there now.) - Julie has worked at Woodward since September last year.
(Julie began working at Woodward in September of last year, and that hasn't changed - she still works here now.)
TIME EXPRESSIONS (Las expresiones de tiempo)
El ‘present perfect’ es usado frecuentemente con las siguientes expresiones
de tiempo:
Ever and never
Have you ever been to Scotland? / ¿Has estado alguna vez en
Escocia?
I’ve never eaten paella. / Nunca he comido paella.
Just
I’ve just made tea, would you like a cup? / Acabo de hacer té. ¿Quieres
una taza?
Ana and Jesús have just had a baby / Ana y Jesús acaban de tener un
niño.
Recently and lately
I’ve recently passed the F.C.E. exam and I’m studying for the C.A.E.
with La Mansión del Inglés
Acabo de aprobar el exámen de FCE y estoy estudiando para el CAE con La
Mansión del Inglés.
Have you seen John lately? / ¿Has visto a John ultimamente?
So far
I’ve had three beers so far this evening and it’s only eight o’clock!
He tomado hasta ahora tres cervezas esta tarde y sólo son las ocho.
Yet and already
'yet' - normalmente se utiliza en frases interrogativas y va al final de la oración . Se usa cuando
esperamos que algo va a pasar en el futuro, no en el pasado ni en el presente.
Have you done your homework yet? / ¿Has terminado ya los deberes?
I don’t think Manoli has done the shopping yet. / Creo que Manoli
todavía no ha hecho la compra.
'already' - se usa en frases afirmativas e interrogativas y normalmente
va detrás de los verbos auxiliares o modales y delante de los demás
verbos. Con
'already' decimos que algo está en el presente o el pasado, no en el
futuro.
Yes, I’ve already finished my homework / Sí, ya he terminado mis
deberes
En Inglés británico yet y already acompaña habitualmente a los tiempos perfectos.
En Inglés Americano prefieren usar los tiempos pasados.
Compara:
Have you phoned your mother yet? (UK)
Did you phone your mother yet? (USA)
I’ve already phoned her (UK)
I already phoned her (USA)
Since and for
'For' - (how long something has lasted) Se usa para decir cuánto tiempo ha durado una
acción. En español suele decirse ‘desde hace’.
We’ve had this computer for about six months. / Tenemos esta
computadora desde hace unos seis meses.
'Since' - (when something started) Se usa como una referencia a un
punto de tiempo cuando algo empezó. En español suele decirse ‘desde’ o
‘desde
que’.








